• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
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  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    An expandable tool for drilling, said expandable tool moving in a drilling direction and comprising a body (26) with a longitudinal axis (28) and at least one arm (42) movable relative to the body (26). ) in a direction of movement (94) which forms a first angle (θ) with the longitudinal axis (28) non-zero, less than 45 ° and open towards a first direction, characterized in that the extensible tool comprises a piston (100) movable in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis (28), said piston (100) comprising at least one bearing surface (104) which cooperates with at least one arm (42) and which forms with the axis longitudinal (28) a second angle (Ψ) non-zero and open to a second direction opposite the first direction of the first angle (θ).
    公开号:FR3022290A1
    申请号:FR1455481
    申请日:2014-06-16
    公开日:2015-12-18
    发明作者:Patrick Ilhein；Raphael Souchal；Jean-Aime Boutelier
    申请人:DRILLSTAR IND；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The present invention relates to an extensible tool for drilling. More particularly, the invention relates to a tool for expanding a borehole. When drilling an oil, gas or other well, a casing comprising several sections arranged end-to-end is placed on the walls of the borehole. The different sections are installed as and when drilling, the sections in the bottom of the borehole to be passed inside those already installed. To keep a passage section as large as possible, the drilling device may comprise an expanding tool which is generally positioned above a head tool for digging the bottom of the hole such as a trephine for example.
    [0002] In known manner, an expanding tool comprises a body whose section is smaller than the diameter of the casing and which has a shape of revolution along a longitudinal axis coincides with the axis of the drilling device. This body comprises at an upper end a connection to an upper rod of the drilling device and at a lower end a connection to a lower rod of the drilling device. It also includes a central duct to allow the passage of a fluid in the direction of the head tool. The expanding tool also comprises a plurality of arms movable relative to the body between a retracted position in which they do not protrude from the body and an extended position in which they project from the body so that the rotation of the widening tool along the longitudinal axis causes widening of the borehole. Several kinematics are conceivable to generate the change of position of the arms. According to a first kinematic, the arms pivot relative to an axis of rotation perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, as illustrated by way of example in US Pat. No. 7,401,666.
    [0003] According to a second kinematic, the arms are translated relative to the body in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis or inclined relative to said axis. The invention relates more specifically to this kinematics which is described in particular in US-6,615,933 and US-6,732,817. Document US Pat. No. 6,615,933 describes a kinematics with arms that translate perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis whereas document US Pat. No. 6,732,817 describes a kinematics with arms that translate in a direction inclined with respect to the axis. longitudinal. In addition to the kinematics, there are different types of actuators for causing the movement of the arms from the retracted position to the extended position. The invention relates even more specifically to tools comprising a piston guided in the body so as to translate in a longitudinal direction (parallel to the longitudinal axis) and which comprises at least one bearing face in contact with the arms. According to a first embodiment adapted to the arms that translate in a direction inclined relative to the longitudinal axis, the bearing face of the piston is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, as shown in US-6,732,817. According to this embodiment, the body comprises for each arm a light and each arm comprises two side walls which cooperate with two side walls of the corresponding light. To ensure the guiding of the translational movement, each side wall of the arm comprises a plurality of ribs which are housed in grooves provided at the side wall of the corresponding light.
    [0004] The ribs and grooves have cooperating profiles so that the arms can slide with minimal clearance in the lumens in a direction that includes a radial component (perpendicular to the longitudinal axis) and a longitudinal component (parallel to the longitudinal axis). longitudinal axis). To allow this movement, the lights must be longer than the arms.
    [0005] To deploy the arms in the extended position, the piston is translated upwards and exerts on the arms a longitudinal force directed upwards. Because of this effort, each arm translates longitudinally upwards and radially outwardly of the body. To convert this longitudinal force into a movement comprising radial and longitudinal components, it is necessary to provide on each side of each arm a plurality of ribs which cooperate with several grooves and / or that the angle formed between the direction of the ribs and the longitudinal axis is relatively small.
    [0006] The presence of all these ribs and grooves complicates the tool. According to another disadvantage, the fact of providing a reduced angle between the grooves and the longitudinal axis leads on the one hand to increase the stroke of the piston, and consequently to lengthen the body of the expanding tool, and on the other hand, to increase the longitudinal stroke of the arms and thus to increase the length of the lights and to provide a larger space between each light and each arm. This large space can allow the accumulation of elements outside the tool that can block the arms in the out position. According to a second embodiment adapted to the arms which translate in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, the bearing face of the piston is inclined relative to the longitudinal axis, as shown in US-6,615,933. According to this embodiment, the bearing face of the piston forms for each arm a ramp which cooperates with the rear face of the arm (the one facing the central duct). To cause the displacement of each arm in a radial direction, the ramp must form a small angle with the longitudinal axis and a portion of the piston must always be inserted between the arm and the central tube. The permanent presence of a portion of the piston between the arms and the central tube leads to reduce the radial dimension of the arms and consequently the diameter of the enlarged hole. According to another disadvantage, the fact of providing a reduced angle between the or the ramps of the piston and the longitudinal axis leads to increase the stroke of the piston which tends to lengthen the body of the expanding tool. Therefore, whatever the embodiment, the expanding tool is relatively long and can hardly fit into a head tool. To generate the movement of the arms from the extended position to the retracted position, an expanding tool includes a compression spring, as shown in US-6,732,817. The presence of this compression spring leads to increasing the length of the expanding tool. US-6,615,933 proposes a solution which consists of using the lower edge of the casing to cause the retraction of the arms. For this solution to work, it is necessary that the piston is translated downwards to cause the exit of the arms and that the angle of the ramp of the piston with the longitudinal axis is open upwards. To cause displacement of the piston, an expanding tool according to US-6,732,817 uses the pressure of the fluid channeled through the central duct. For this purpose, the expanding tool comprises a fluid management system under pressure to control the movement of the piston. This management system contributes to complicating the expanding tool and increasing its length. Document US Pat. No. 6,615,933 proposes an alternative that consists in using the weight of the drilling device placed above the expanding tool when the head tool is in contact with the bottom of the borehole. According to this document, the expanding tool comprises a body in two parts, an upper part connected to a rod of the drilling device which rises to the surface and a lower part connected to a rod of the drilling device which is connected to the tool of head. The upper part slides inside the lower part and supports a piston whose end is oriented downwards. In addition, the lower part comprises for each arm a light whose section is identical to that of the corresponding arm. When the head tool is in contact with the bottom of the well, the lower part of the expanding tool comes to rest while the upper part continues to descend. Due to this relative movement between the upper and lower parts, the piston slides under the arms. Given the geometry of the piston, the arms come out. During drilling, it is necessary for the head tool to exert a large and constant downhole force to keep the arms apart against the cutting forces that tend to return them to the retracted position. However, the layers traversed by the head tool do not all have the same consistency so that the force of the head tool varies. Therefore, when the cutting tool drills a more friable area, the arms tend to return to the retracted position. To remedy this problem, the expanding tool described in document US Pat. No. 6,615,933 comprises a system for managing the pressurized fluid channeled through the central duct in order to exert a pressure force on the piston and to compensate for the variation in the force generated by the head tool. Therefore, even if the expander tool uses the weight of the drilling device to cause the output of the arms, it is necessary to provide a fluid management system under pressure channeled through the central duct to maintain the arms in the extended position which tends to complicate the expanding tool and increase its length.
    [0007] Also the present invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art by providing a compact expandable tool and simple design.
    [0008] To this end, the invention relates to an extensible tool for drilling, said extensible tool moving in a drilling direction and comprising a body with a longitudinal axis and at least one movable arm relative to the body in a direction of displacement which forms a first angle with the non-zero longitudinal axis, less than 45 ° and open towards a first direction, characterized in that the extensible tool comprises a piston movable in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis, said piston comprising less a bearing surface which cooperates with at least one arm and which forms with the longitudinal axis a second non-zero angle and open towards a second direction opposite to the first direction of the angle. This configuration makes it possible to obtain a more compact tool thanks to the combination of the two angles and makes it possible to simplify the guiding of the arms relative to the body. Advantageously, the piston is disposed downstream in the direction of drilling relative to the (x) arm and the second angle is open downstream in the direction of drilling. This configuration makes it possible to use a lower edge of a casing to cause the retraction of the arms. Thus, it is no longer necessary to provide a return spring to cause this movement which helps simplify the tool and improve its compactness. Preferably, the body comprises a first connection adapted to connect an upper section of rods and the piston is connected to a head tool. This configuration makes it unnecessary to have a fluid management system to cause the arms to exit. According to another characteristic, the body comprises for each arm a light with two side walls each of it comprising a groove in which slides a rib provided at each side face of each arm, said grooves being oriented in the direction of movement. Thus, according to the invention, the guiding of each arm relative to the body comprises only one rib on each side wall of the arm which tends to simplify the design of the tool.
    [0009] According to another characteristic, the body comprises for each arm a light with an upstream wall, at least a first portion of which is flat and oriented in a direction parallel to the direction of displacement and which cooperates with a flat upstream face of the arm housed in said light . Preferably, the upstream face and the ribs of the arm are parallel. This configuration improves the guidance of the arms relative to the body.
    [0010] According to another characteristic, the extensible tool comprises a central duct, a first end of which is fitted into the body and a second end of which slides in the piston and each arm comprises an inner surface oriented towards the central duct and an adjacent bearing surface. the inner surface which cooperates with the piston and which forms with the longitudinal axis an angle less than 900 open towards the piston. Preferably, the support surface of the arm is parallel to the bearing surface of the piston. This configuration contributes to improving the robustness of the arms because no portion of the piston is interposed between the central duct and the arm when the latter is in the retracted position. According to another characteristic, the extensible tool comprises at least one locking mechanism for immobilizing the piston in at least one downstream position corresponding to a retracted position of the arm or arms. According to one embodiment, the piston comprises at least one groove and the body comprises at least one groove which cooperates with the groove of the piston when said piston is in the downstream position. In addition, the locking mechanism comprises an elastic ring configured to occupy a first state in which the elastic ring is disposed astride the groove of the piston and at least one groove of the body so as to immobilize in translation the piston relative to the body. and a second state in which the elastic ring is housed only in the groove of the piston so as to allow a translational movement of the piston relative to the body, the elastic ring tending to position itself in the first state because of its elasticity. Preferably, the elastic ring comprises chamfers and / or the groove or grooves of the body have inclined lateral walls to promote the passage of the elastic ring from the first state to the second state. According to another characteristic, each arm comprises an outer surface with, in a longitudinal plane, a central portion parallel to the longitudinal axis, a first portion adjacent to an upstream face and inclined towards the longitudinal axis and a second portion adjacent to a longitudinal axis. downstream face and inclined towards the longitudinal axis. In addition, the body comprises for each arm a light which comprises in a longitudinal plane a narrowed mouth so that when the arm is in an extended position the space between the arm and the light is reduced. Other features and advantages will emerge from the following description of the invention, a description given by way of example only, with reference to the appended drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a widening tool which illustrates FIG. 2A is a longitudinal section of the widening tool visible in FIG. 1 with arms in the retracted position. FIG. 2B is a longitudinal section of the widening tool visible in FIG. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a head tool that incorporates an enlarging tool that illustrates a second variant of the invention. FIG. 4A is a longitudinal section along the plane PA of FIG. 3. Fig. 4B is a longitudinal section along the plane PB of Fig. 3; Fig. 5A is a detail of Fig. 4B illustrating a locking mechanism in the locked state; Fig. 5B is a section which FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an arm of an expanding tool which illustrates an embodiment of the invention. FIG. 7 is a view of the invention. FIG. perspective of a portion of a plunger of an expanding tool which illustrates an embodiment of the invention, Fig. 8 is a longitudinal section of a portion of a body of an expanding tool which illustrates the invention FIG. 9A is a longitudinal half-section which illustrates an arm in the retracted position, FIG. 9B is a longitudinal half-section illustrating an arm in the extended position. FIGS. 2A and 2B show a borehole 10 with FIG. a bottom 12 visible only in Figure 2B. This borehole 10 comprises a casing 14 with a lower edge 16 visible in FIG. 2B.
    [0011] In Figs. 2A, 2B, there is shown a drilling device which comprises a head tool 18, an expandable tool 20, an upper section of rods 22 disposed above the expandable tool 20 which extends up to the surface and a lower section of rods 24 disposed under the expandable tool 20 and which connects it to the head tool 18. The head tool 18, the rod sections 22 and 24 as well as the other elements of the drilling are not more described because they are known to those skilled in the art. The extensible tool 20 comprises a body 26 which has approximately a shape of revolution along a longitudinal axis 28.
    [0012] The longitudinal axis is theoretically merged with the axis of the casing 14. For the remainder of the description, a longitudinal plane contains the longitudinal axis 28. A longitudinal direction is parallel to the longitudinal axis 28. A radial direction is secant and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 28. A radial plane is a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 28. According to a first variant illustrated in Figures 1, 2A, 2B, the body 26 comprises an upper portion 30 which comprises a connection 32 with the upper section of rods 22 and a lower portion 34 which comprises a connection 36 with the lower section of rods 24 or a head tool. The connections 32 and 36 are not further described because they are configured according to the connection systems provided at the ends of the rod sections 22, 24. According to a second variant illustrated in FIGS. 3, 4A, 4B, the body 26 comprises a upper part 30 which comprises a connection 32 with the upper section of rods 22 and a lower part 34 which comprises a head tool 18. Thus, according to this variant, the lower part 34 comprises a lower end 38 whose shape conforms to that a head tool and inserts for allowing said lower end 38 to drill in the manner of a conventional head tool. According to this variant, the extensible tool 20 and the head tool 18 form only one and the same tool.
    [0013] Whatever the variant, the extensible tool 20 comprises at least one arm 42 movable relative to the body 26 between a retracted position visible in Figure 2A, 9A wherein each arm 42 is not projecting relative to the body 26 and an outward position visible in FIGS. 1, 2B, 3, 4A, 9B in which each arm 42 protrudes from the body 26. Generally, the expandable tool 20 includes a plurality of arms 42 which are evenly distributed on the body circumference 26. According to an embodiment illustrated in the various figures, the extensible tool 20 comprises three arms 42 arranged at 120 ° on the circumference of the body 26. However, the invention is not limited to this number of arm 42. According to one application, each arm 42 comprises an outer surface 44 facing outwardly of the expandable tool 20 which includes inserts 46 and / or shapes adapted to dig the ground. In this case, the extensible tool 20 corresponds to an expanding tool ("Underreamer" in English).
    [0014] In another application, the surface 44 has different shapes that give the extensible tool 20 the stabilizer function. In this case, the extensible tool 20 corresponds to an expandable stabilizer (in English). The upper portion 30 has a cylindrical shape with an outside diameter D and extends from a first end 30H to a second end 30B. The upper portion 30 includes a conduit 48 which extends from the first end 30H to the second end 30B. This duct comprises from the first end 30H to the second end 30B, a connection section 50 with an inside diameter OD, an intermediate section with a diameter D1 greater than or equal to OD and a guide section 52 with a diameter greater than DO. Functionally, the intermediate section is not necessary. The diameter OD is adapted to channel a fluid. The end of the connection section 50 which opens at the first end 30H preferably has forms determined to ensure a connection with the upper section of rods 22.
    [0015] The guide portion 52 comprises at least one cylindrical surface with a diameter D2 greater than OD whose length L2 is sufficient to ensure optimum guidance of the lower portion 34 in a direction coinciding with the longitudinal axis 28. The lower portion 34a a cylindrical shape and extends from a first end 34H to a second end 34B. The lower part 34 comprises at least one guide section whose diameter is substantially equal to the sliding clearance close to that of the guide section 52 of the upper part 30. According to an embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the section guide 52 of the upper portion 30 has a single diameter D2 along its entire length. In addition, the lower portion 34 comprises a guide section 54 with a diameter equal to the sliding clearance close to the diameter D 2 and an end section 56 with a diameter substantially equal to the outside diameter D of the upper portion 30. According to one embodiment embodiment shown in Figures 4A and 4B, the guide portion 52 of the upper portion 30 comprises two stepped diameters D2 and D2 '. In addition, the lower portion 34 comprises a guide section 54 with two stepped diameters with values equal to the sliding clearance close to D2 and D2 'respectively and an end section 56 with a diameter substantially equal to the outside diameter D of the upper part 30.
    [0016] The difference in diameter between the sections 54 and 56 forms a shoulder 55. The lower portion 34 also includes a conduit 58 which extends from the first end 34H. In the case of the variant illustrated in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the duct 58 extends from one end 34H to the other 34B.
    [0017] In the case of the variant illustrated in Figures 4A and 4B, the duct 58 is split near the second end 34B into several channels 59 which open near the inserts 46 of the head tool 18. The extensible tool 20 comprises a central duct 60 which can channel a fluid between the upper and lower parts 30 and 34.
    [0018] According to one configuration, the central duct 60 comprises a first end 60H fitted into the body 26, more particularly into the connection section 50 of the upper part 30 and a second end 60B which slides in the duct 58 of the lower part 34. This central duct 60 has an inner diameter substantially equal to the diameter OD of the connecting duct 50 of the upper part 30 and an outside diameter D4 equal to the sliding clearance close to that of the duct 58. The guide sections 52, 54, and the duct 58 have lengths sufficient to allow the upper and lower portions 34 to translate relative to each other between an extended position shown in Figure 2A which corresponds to the retracted position of the arms 42 and a retracted position visible on 2B, 4A and 4B which corresponds to the position of the arms 42. In the retracted position, the second end 30B comes into con tact against the shoulder 55 or is very close to the shoulder 55. Preferably, the extensible tool 20 comprises sealing means 62 (visible in Figures 4A and 4B) for sealing between the central duct 60 and the lower part 34. According to one embodiment, the duct 58 comprises a groove in which is housed a seal in contact with the central duct 60. According to one embodiment, the extensible tool comprises sealing means 68 (visible in Figs. 2A and 2B) for sealing between upper and lower portions 34. Advantageously, as shown in Fig. 4B, the expandable tool 20 includes means 70 for preventing rotation of the upper portion 30 relative to at the lower portion 34 (or vice versa) along the longitudinal axis 28. According to one embodiment, the lower portion 34 comprises at the guide portion 54, near the shoulder 55, a longitudinal groove a slide 72 in which a pin 74 integral with the upper part 34 can slide, the longitudinal groove 72 having a width equal to the sliding clearance close to the diameter of the pin 74. For example, the pin 74 is a screw which screws into a radial tapped hole provided in the upper part, the screw having a length such that its end is housed in the longitudinal groove 72. The longitudinal groove 72 is of sufficient length to allow the upper and lower parts 34 to move from the deployed position to the retracted position or vice versa. The upper part 30 comprises for each arm 42 a light 76 communicating the conduit 48 with the outer surface 78 of the upper part. In FIG. 8, there is shown a first light 76 viewed from the front and a second light 76 'in section. For the following description, the upstream (Am) and the downstream (Av) refers to the flow of fluid within the extensible tool 20 or in the drilling direction. An upstream element being closer to the first end 30H of the upper part 30 of the body than a downstream element.
    [0019] As illustrated in FIGS. 8, 9A and 9B, each lumen 76 comprises a right side wall 80D, a left side wall 80G, an upstream wall 82 and a downstream wall 84. In one configuration, the right and left side walls 80D and 80G are parallel and arranged in planes parallel to the longitudinal axis 28 and the upstream and downstream walls 82 and 84 are disposed in intersecting planes to the longitudinal axis 28.
    [0020] The downstream walls of the lumens 76 are all separated by the same distance from the second end 30B of the upper portion 30 and the upstream walls are all separated by the same distance from the first end 30H of the upper portion 30. The lumens 76 are positioned in the upper part 30 so that the arms are in contact with the central duct 60 in the retracted position.
    [0021] In parallel, each arm 42 comprises an outer surface 44, an inner surface 86 closest to the longitudinal axis 28, oriented towards the central duct 60, a right lateral surface 88D which cooperates with the right side wall 80D of the light 76 a left side face 88G which cooperates with the left side wall 80G of the light, an upstream face 90 which cooperates with the upstream wall 82 of the light and a downstream face 92.
    [0022] In one configuration, the right 88D and left 88G side faces are parallel. Preferably, the inner face 86 has a shape that corresponds to a portion of a cylindrical whose diameter is substantially equal to the outer diameter of the central duct 60. In this way, the arms 42 cooperate with the central duct 60 in the retracted position. which makes it possible to optimize their radial dimensions. For each pair of arms and light, the side walls 80G and 80D of the light have shapes that cooperate with those of the side faces 88G and 88D of the arm so as to obtain a guide in a direction of movement 94 of the arms, intersecting with the longitudinal axis 28 and forming with the longitudinal axis an angle 0 non-zero and less than 45 ° open upstream. Thus, during the change from the extended position to the retracted position, the arms 42 have a movement comprising an upstream component downstream. This configuration is preferred because it allows to use the lower edge 16 of the casing 14 to push the arms 42 in the retracted position. According to one embodiment, each arm 42 comprises on each lateral face 88G and 88D a rib 96 oriented in the direction of movement 94 which cooperates with a groove 98 formed on each side wall 80G and 80D of the light. Each side face may comprise several ribs 96 which cooperate with several grooves 98. However, the variant with a single rib 96 on each side face 80G and 80D is preferred because it simplifies the design of the tool. To cause movement of the arms from the retracted position to the extended position, the expandable tool 20 comprises a piston 100 with an end 102 configured to cooperate with each arm 42, said piston 100 being able to translate along the longitudinal axis 28. between a downstream position visible in Figure 2A which corresponds to the retracted position of the arms 42 and an upstream position visible in Figures 2B and 4A which corresponds to the extended position of the arms 42. For each arm, the piston 100 comprises at the level of the end 102 a bearing surface 104 which cooperates with at least a portion of the downstream face 92 of the arm. Advantageously, the bearing surface 104 and the portion of the downstream face 92 which cooperates with said bearing surface 104 are flat and pressed against each other. This configuration makes it possible to distribute the forces over a larger area and to reduce the contact pressures. Preferably, the bearing surface 104 has a normal secant with the longitudinal axis. According to a characteristic of the invention, each bearing surface 104 forms with the longitudinal axis an angle (i) that is non-zero and less than 45 ° and open in the opposite direction with respect to the angle θ formed by the direction of movement. and the longitudinal axis 28.
    [0023] Thus, unlike the pistons of the prior art with a bearing surface perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 28, the force exerted by the piston 100 on the arms comprises a radial component that promotes the movement of the arms 42 in the direction of displacement 94 which comprises a radial component.
    [0024] A constant piston force, it is possible to increase the value of the angle 0 of the direction of movement 94 which helps to make the expandable tool more compact. At a constant angle θ, it is possible to reduce the force exerted by the piston 100 on the arms 42 to cause their displacements in the extended position, which contributes to reducing the stresses on the piston 100 and / or the arms 42.
    [0025] According to another advantage, the presence for each arm 42 of a bearing surface 104 not perpendicular to the longitudinal axis makes it possible to guide the arm 42 using a single rib 96 on each side face 88G and 88D. This configuration simplifies the design of the expandable tool, reduces the risk of jamming by limiting the sliding surfaces and allows the use of larger games.
    [0026] Advantageously, the angle θ of the direction of movement 94 of the arms is open upstream, the angle 11) of each bearing surface 104 of the piston 100 is open downstream and the piston 100 is downstream of the 42. This configuration makes it possible to use the lower edge 16 of the casing 14 to cause the displacement of the extended position towards the retracted position of the arms 42. Thus, it is not necessary to provide a return means such as a compression spring for causing the movement of the arms 42 from the extended position to the retracted position. As a result, this design makes the expandable tool 20 more compact and simpler. Although it is not preferred, a variant with a return spring to cause the movement of the arms from the extended position to the retracted position is possible.
    [0027] Advantageously, the angle θ has a value between 30 and 45 °. According to one embodiment, the angle θ is of the order of 30 °. Advantageously, the angle 11) is smaller than the angle O. According to one embodiment, the angle 11) has a value of the order of 30 °. Preferably, for each pair of arms and of light, the upstream wall 82 of the lumen 76 comprises at least one flat portion oriented in a direction parallel to the direction of displacement 94. The upstream face 90 of the arm is flat and parallel to the ribs 96 provided at the side faces 88G and 88D.
    [0028] Alternatively, by guiding the upstream face 90 of the arm relative to the upstream wall 82 of the light in the direction of movement, it is possible to remove the ribs 96 and corresponding grooves 98. Whatever the variant, the extensible tool 20 comprises a piston 100 which comprises at least one bearing surface 104 which cooperates with an arm 42 and which forms with the longitudinal axis a non-zero angle and less than 45 ° open towards a first direction and each pair of arms 42 and light 76 comprises at least one guide parallel to a direction of movement 94 of the arm which forms a non-zero angle 0 and less than 45 ° open towards a second direction opposite to that of the angle II).
    [0029] Depending on the case, the guiding function can be provided by the ribs 96 which slide in the grooves 98 and / or by the upstream face 90 of the arm and / or the upstream wall 82 of the light. According to another characteristic, each arm 42 comprises a bearing surface adjacent to the inner face 86 as the downstream face 92 which cooperate with the piston 100 and which forms with the longitudinal axis 28 an angle less than 90 ° open towards the piston Preferably, the downstream face 92 is parallel to the bearing surface 104 of the piston. Thus, in the retracted position, the inner surface 86 of each arm is in contact with the central duct 60 and no part of the piston 100 is interposed between said central duct 60 and each arm. According to this configuration, the arms have a maximum radial dimension which contributes to increasing the maximum possible enlargement diameter. According to an embodiment illustrated in FIG. 7, a piston 100 comprises three bearing surfaces 104, one for each arm and a central hole 106 in which the central duct 60 slides. Preferably, the sealing means 62 are interposed between the central hole 106 and the central duct 60.
    [0030] The piston 100 comprises a cylindrical bearing surface 108 which slides in the guide section 52 of the upper part 30. According to one characteristic of the invention, the extensible tool 20 comprises at least one locking mechanism for immobilizing the piston 100 at least in the downstream position. According to an embodiment illustrated in Figures 4B, 5A and 5B, the piston 100 comprises at the cylindrical surface 108 at least one groove 110 which extends over the entire circumference of the piston and which is disposed in a radial plane. In a longitudinal plane, the groove 110 has a bottom 110F and two side walls 110L, 110L 'in radial planes.
    [0031] In addition, the guide portion 52 of the upper portion 30 comprises at least one first groove 112 which is disposed in the same radial plane as the groove 110 of the piston when the latter is in the downstream position. In a longitudinal plane, the groove 112 has a bottom and two side walls in radial and spaced planes.
    [0032] According to a first variant, the guiding section 52 of the upper part 30 comprises a single groove 112 for immobilizing the piston 100 in the downstream position. According to another variant, the guide portion 52 of the upper portion 30 comprises, in addition to the first groove 112, a second groove 114 which is disposed in the same radial plane as the groove 110 of the piston when the latter is in the position upstream to immobilize the piston 100 is in the downstream position, or in the upstream position. In a longitudinal plane, the groove 114 has a bottom and two side walls in radial planes. The grooves 112, 114 have a width substantially equal to that of the groove 110 of the piston. The extensible tool 20 comprises a split elastic ring 116 which is housed at least partially in the groove 110 of the piston. As illustrated in detail in FIGS. 5A and 5B, this ring 116 comprises two lateral faces 118, 118 'arranged in radial planes and an inner face 1201 and an outer face 120E. This elastic ring 116 has a width (distance separating the two lateral faces) substantially equal to that of the grooves 110, 112, 114.
    [0033] The elastic ring 116 occupies a rest state visible in Figure 5A in which it is disposed astride the groove 110 of the piston and the groove 112 or one or other of the grooves 112 or 114 of the upper part 30 of the body and a retracted state visible in Figure 5B in which the elastic ring 116 is housed only in the groove 110 of the piston 100. Due to its elasticity, the elastic ring 116 tends to position itself in the idle state. In this state, the piston 100 is immobilized in translation relative to the upper part 30 of the body. In the retracted state, the piston 100 can translate relative to the upper part 30 of the body. For this purpose, the elastic ring 116 has a thickness less than the depth of the groove 110 of the piston 100 and greater than the depth of the grooves 112, 114.
    [0034] The transition from the rest state to the retracted state of the elastic ring 116 is caused when the piston 100 exerts on the body or vice versa a longitudinal force greater than a given threshold.
    [0035] For this, each groove 112, 114 has side walls 112L, 112L 'inclined towards each other so as to promote the retraction of the elastic ring 116 when the longitudinal force becomes greater than the given threshold. In addition, the elastic ring 116 comprises chamfers 122 at the junction regions of the side walls 118, 118 'and the outer face 120E. Preferably, the chamfers 122 are inclined in the same manner as the side walls 112L, 112L '. According to a variant, the extensible tool comprises a fluid management system for causing the translation of the piston 100 in a first direction and a spring to cause the translation of the piston 100 in the opposite direction.
    [0036] According to a preferred variant, the displacement of the piston is caused due to the support of the head tool 18 at the bottom of the borehole. In this case, the piston 100 is connected to a first connection of the expandable tool and / or to a head tool and the body 26 is connected to a second connection of the expandable tool. Preferably, the piston 100 is connected to the lower part 34. According to a preferred embodiment, the piston 100 and the lower portion 34 form a single piece. According to another characteristic visible in FIGS. 6, 8, 9A and 9B, the outer surface 44 of each arm 42 comprises in central part a central portion 124 approximately parallel to the longitudinal axis 28, a first portion 126 adjacent to the upstream face 90 and inclined towards the longitudinal axis 28 and a second portion 128 adjacent to the downstream face 92 and inclined towards the longitudinal axis 28. Preferably, the first inclined portion 126 and the upstream face 90 forms an angle close to 90 °. This configuration improves the recovery of forces when the lower edge 16 of the casing is used to cause the movement of the arms 42 to the retracted position. The portions 126 and 128 are inclined towards the longitudinal axis so that their ends which are adjacent to the upstream and downstream faces are closer to the longitudinal axis 28 than the central portion 124. In addition, each light 76 comprises, in a longitudinal plane, a mouth that narrows. Thus, when the arms 42 are in the extended position, they are in contact with or very close to the ends of the upstream and downstream walls 82 and 84. In this way, the space remaining between each arm 42 and its light 76 is reduced, which limits access to external elements and the risk of arm locks.
    [0037] Advantageously, the upstream wall 82 comprises a first portion 130 which guards the upstream face 90 of the arm and a second portion 132 in contact or separated from a reduced clearance (of the order of a millimeter) with the first inclined portion 126 the arm when the latter is in the extended position, as shown in Figure 9B. Thus the portions 130 and 132 of the upstream wall 82 of the light form an angle identical to that formed by the first inclined portion 126 and the upstream face 90 of the arm. According to one embodiment, the downstream wall 84 of the light and the second inclined portion 128 of the arm 42 are parallel to the direction of movement 94. Thus, whatever the position of the arm, the downstream wall 84 and the second inclined portion 128 are in contact or are slightly spaced as shown in Figures 9A and 9B.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. An extensible tool for drilling, said expandable tool moving in a drilling direction and comprising a body (26) with a longitudinal axis (28) and at least one arm (42) movable relative to the body (26) in a direction of displacement (94) which forms a first angle (0) with the longitudinal axis (28) non-zero, less than 45 ° and open towards a first direction, characterized in that the extensible tool comprises a piston (100) movable according to a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis (28), said piston (100) comprising at least one bearing surface (104) which cooperates with at least one arm (42) and which forms with the longitudinal axis (28) a second angle (ili) non-zero and open towards a second direction opposite the first direction of the first angle O.
    [0002]
    2. Expandable tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the piston (100) is disposed downstream in the direction of drilling relative to the (x) arm (42) and in that the second angle (ili) is open towards downstream according to the direction of drilling.
    [0003]
    3. Expandable tool according to claim 2, characterized in that the body (26) comprises a first connection (32) adapted to connect an upper section of rods and in that the piston (100) is connected to a head tool ( 18).
    [0004]
    4. Expandable tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the body (26) comprises for each arm (42) a slot (76) with two side walls (80G, 80D) each of which comprises a groove ( 98) in which slides a rib (96) provided at each side face (88D, 88G) of each arm, said grooves (98) being oriented in the direction of movement (94).
    [0005]
    5. expandable tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the body (26) comprises for each arm (42) a slot (76) with an upstream wall (82) of which at least a first portion (130) is plane and oriented in a direction parallel to the direction of movement (94) and which cooperates with a flat upstream face (90) of the arm (42) housed in said slot (76).
    [0006]
    6. Expandable tool according to claims 4 and 5, characterized in that the upstream face (90) and the ribs (96) of the arm are parallel.
    [0007]
    7. expandable tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the extensible tool comprises a central duct (60) having a first end (60H) is fitted in the body (26) and a second end (60B) slides in the piston (100) and in that each arm (42) includes an inner surface (86) facing the central conduit (60) and a bearing surface (92) adjacent to the inner surface (86) which cooperates with the piston (100) and which forms with the longitudinal axis (28) an angle less than 900 open towards the piston (100).
    [0008]
    8. Expandable tool according to claim 7, characterized in that the bearing surface (92) is parallel to the bearing surface (104) of the piston (100).
    [0009]
    9. Extensible tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one locking mechanism for immobilizing the piston (100) at least in a downstream position corresponding to a retracted position of the arm or arms (42). .
    [0010]
    10. Extensible tool according to claim 9, characterized in that the piston (100) comprises at least one groove (110), in that the body (26) comprises at least one groove (112) which cooperates with the groove (110). ) of the piston when said piston (100) is in the downstream position and in that the locking mechanism comprises an elastic ring (116) configured to occupy a first state in which the elastic ring (116) is disposed astride the throat (110) of the piston and the groove (112) of the body so as to immobilize in translation the piston (100) relative to the body (26) and a second state in which the elastic ring (116) is housed only in the groove ( 110) of the piston (100) so as to allow a translational movement of the piston (100) relative to the body (26), the elastic ring (116) tending to position itself in the first state due to its elasticity.
    [0011]
    11. Expandable tool according to claim 10, characterized in that the elastic ring (116) comprises chamfers (122) to promote the passage of the elastic ring (116) of the first state to the second state.
    [0012]
    12. Expandable tool according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that each groove (112, 114) of the body (26) has inclined side walls to promote the passage of the elastic ring (116) of the first state to the second state .
    [0013]
    Extensible tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each arm (42) comprises an outer surface (44) with, in a longitudinal plane, a central portion (124) parallel to the longitudinal axis (28). a first portion (126) adjacent to an upstream face (90) and inclined toward the longitudinal axis (28) and a second portion (128) adjacent to a downstream face (92) and inclined toward the longitudinal axis (28) and in that the body comprises for each arm a lumen (76) which comprises in a longitudinal plane a narrowed mouth so that when the arm is in an extended position the space between the arm and the light is reduced.
    [0014]
    Extensible tool according to claim 13, characterized in that the lumen (76) comprises an upstream wall (82) with two portions (130, 132) forming an angle identical to that formed by the first portion (126) of the outer surface of the arm (42) and the upstream face (90).
    [0015]
    Expandable tool according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the lumen (76) comprises a downstream wall (84) parallel to the second portion (128) of the outer surface of the arm (42).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    GB201509989D0|2015-07-22|
    FR3022290B1|2019-06-14|
    US10253570B2|2019-04-09|
    GB2528770A|2016-02-03|
    US20150361726A1|2015-12-17|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US1485642A|1922-04-11|1924-03-04|Diamond Drill Contracting Comp|Expanding rotary reamer|
    US1878260A|1929-02-12|1932-09-20|Grant John|Underreamer|
    US2427052A|1944-06-17|1947-09-09|Grant Oil Tool Company|Oil well tool|
    US20120080183A1|2009-09-30|2012-04-05|Baker Hughes Incorporated|Remotely controlled apparatus for downhole applications, components for such apparatus, remote status indication devices for such apparatus, and related methods|
    US20130168076A1|2011-12-28|2013-07-04|Baker Hughes Incorporated|Milling Tool|RU2720628C1|2019-03-01|2020-05-12|Публичное акционерное общество «Татнефть» имени В.Д. Шашина|Expander for simultaneous drilling and expansion of wells|US5014780A|1990-05-03|1991-05-14|Uvon Skipper|Long distance section mill for pipe in a borehole|
    GB9825425D0|1998-11-19|1999-01-13|Andergauge Ltd|Downhole tool|
    US6732817B2|2002-02-19|2004-05-11|Smith International, Inc.|Expandable underreamer/stabilizer|
    CA2568909C|2004-06-09|2011-11-15|Halliburton Energy Services N.V.|Reaming and stabilisation tool for use in a borehole|
    US7506703B2|2006-01-18|2009-03-24|Smith International, Inc.|Drilling and hole enlargement device|
    US7757787B2|2006-01-18|2010-07-20|Smith International, Inc.|Drilling and hole enlargement device|
    CA2844909C|2008-11-10|2016-07-12|Weatherford/Lamb, Inc.|Extendable cutting tools for use in a wellbore|
    CN104747085B|2013-12-26|2017-03-01|贵州高峰石油机械股份有限公司|A kind of hydraulic pressure reamer and its reaming hole method|US10119350B2|2016-05-26|2018-11-06|Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc|Expandable junk mill|
    GB2553547B|2016-09-07|2019-12-04|Ardyne Holdings Ltd|Downhole tool and method of use|
    CN108487864B|2018-03-19|2019-11-05|中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司|The double dynamical major diameter staged borehole-enlarging drilling tool of underground coal mine rock stratum directional hole and method|
    RU2738124C1|2020-04-30|2020-12-08|Публичное акционерное общество «Татнефть» имени В.Д. Шашина|Expander for simultaneous drilling and expansion of well shaft|
    法律状态:
    2015-06-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2015-12-18| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20151218 |
    2016-06-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2017-06-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2018-06-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2020-06-24| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    2021-06-25| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 8 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1455481|2014-06-16|
    FR1455481A|FR3022290B1|2014-06-16|2014-06-16|EXTENDABLE TOOL FOR DRILLING|FR1455481A| FR3022290B1|2014-06-16|2014-06-16|EXTENDABLE TOOL FOR DRILLING|
    GB1509989.8A| GB2528770A|2014-06-16|2015-06-09|Extendable drilling tool|
    US14/740,788| US10253570B2|2014-06-16|2015-06-16|Extendable drilling tool|
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